Mao-Tzû or the Chinese "小瓜帽"

In Chinese the skullcap is normally called 瓜皮帽  -  Guā Pí Mào
瓜 means melon
皮 means skin
帽 means cap

> Cap made of the skin of a (half) melon

"小瓜帽"  -  Mao-Tzû means cap for the priest

[Please remember that the Italian word "zucchetto" for pileolus (soli deo) comes from "zucchetta" which means baby gourd (to cover the big gourd/head).]

The Catholic missonary Josef Freinademetz wearing a black  小瓜帽 (Mao-Tzû)

with a black twisted knot on the top.

Missonary Auguste Schüttgen wearing a black  小瓜帽 (Mao-Tzû)

with a black twisted knot on the top and Elisabeth Bäumer of the Allianz-Mission

Black  小瓜帽 (Mao-Tzû) with a black twisted knot on the top

Black  小瓜帽 (Mao-Tzû) with a red-purple twisted knot on the top

Black  小瓜帽 (Mao-Tzû) with a red twisted knot on the top