Linings of Different Pileoli (Soli Dei, Zucchetti)

I compared the lining of the following 4 pileoli:

from left to right:

1) Italian made pileolus with a lining in linen (soft version)

2) Italian made pileolus with a lining of chamois leather (soft version)

3) Spanish made pileolus with a lining of sheep leather (rigid version)

4) Italian made pileolus worn by the pope with a very thin chamois leather lining (soft version)

1)

2)

3)

This Spanish pileolus is lined with sheep which keeps it rigid. Around the brim inside, a ribbon of red velvet to assure a better fit.

4)

The pope's pileolus is made of white silk with moiré-effect,

inside lined with very thin chamois leather to assure a better hold and, around the brim inside, a ribbon of white velvet.